Perhaps one of the most striking artefacts in Cuxton’s
history is also one of the hardest to find and appreciate. Hidden away on the
south-western wall of the Lady Chapel in
St. Michaels and All Angels Church (and not accessible to the public) is the Lady
Harley memorial...
Commissioned by Sir Robert Harley in remembrance of his late and first wife Ann
(who died in 1603) the marble installation is a richly-coloured classical wall
monument and one that (rather perversely) is now completely obscured by the church
organ. It deserves so much better and needs some repair and restoration,
although the work undertaken on it in 1723 by Lord Edward Harley (the
famous
parliamentarian and son of Sir Robert and his third wife) has lasted well.
The Harley family is of ancient lineage (with one source suggesting that it
pre-dates the Norman Conquest) and by 1221 were in possession of the Shropshire manor from which they took their name. The property
subsequently passed out of the family through an heiress, but by that time a family
branch had established itself at Brampton Bryan, ten miles south west of Ludlow. Situated in the
extreme north of Herefordshire, Brampton Bryan lay close to the borders with
Radnorshire and Shropshire.
From the fourteenth century the Harleys played a leading part in those two county
communities. The first member of the family to make a place in national life
was Sir Robert Harley (1579-1656), who became Master of the Mint under Charles
I and M.P. for Radnor Boroughs in 1604, for Herefordshire in 1624, 1626 and
1640 and for Evesham in 1628.
On 13th. Feb. 1602, Sir Robert married Ann Barrett. Born in 1583,
she was the daughter of Sir Charles Barrett of Belhus, Aveley, Essex and Christian
(nee Mildmay) Barrett and the sister
of Sir Edward Barrett. When Anne Barrett-Harley's father died, her mother
married Sir John Leveson on 9th June, 1586.
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Heraldic symbols on the Harley memorial: the red and white chequer is associated with the Barrett family, whilst the other devices are those of the Harley dynasty... |
Ann was thus the step-daughter of Sir John Leveson, then owner and resident of
Whorne’s Place, thus establishing the link between the Herefordshire-based
Harley dynasty and Cuxton.
The match probably arose as a result of Harley’s close connection with the
Shropshire branch of the Leveson family, for the brother of Sir John Leveson Junior, (Sir
Richard Leveson of Lilleshall Lodge, Shropshire)
was his first cousin. Although marriages within the aristocracy in those days were
often merely arrangements driven by politics and property, it seems that there
was genuine love between the young Robert Harley and his equally youthful wife.
Sadly, their marriage was cut short after just less than two years – Lady Ann Harley
and her new-born baby son Thomas both died in childbirth on 1st. December 1603.
It seems possible that the couple were staying with Sir John Leveson at
Whorne’s Place at the time, as records show that Sir Robert was latterly acting
on behalf of at least two Kentish Lords (Sir Henry Crispe of Quex House,
Birchington and Thomas Crayford, the son of Sir William Crayford of Great Mongeham)
making representations for them in the Houses of Parliament.
What is certain is that Ann and her child were laid to rest at St. Michaels
and All Angels Church, with Sir Robert Harley instigating the remarkable
monument to her memory that still exists today.
The text of the main plaque on the memorial leaves us in no doubt as to the
extent of Sir Robert’s grief...
"HERE
DEATH HATH SPORTED, TYRANT-LIKE IN BLOOD,
IN TAKINGE LIFE FROM YOUTH AND WOMANHOOD,
ACTINGE THE DOOME OF HIS INFORCED DUTY,
REGARDLES OF MODESTY OR BEAUTY,
BUT I AM MUCH IN LOSS OF SO GREAT BLIS,
THOUGH NOT REPAIRED YET COMFORTED IN THIS,
THAT DEATH IN HIS PROUD CONQUEST HATH NO JOTT,
OF THIS UNTIMELY SPOILE FOULEN TO HIS LOTT,
EARTH HATH POSSESSION OF HER EARTHLY PARTE,
WICH SHE INCLOSETH IN A MOTHER'S HEARTE,
HERE SOUL IN HEAVEN, HER MEMORY ALIVE,
AND THAT WHICH EARTH DETAINES NOW SHALL REVIVE,
AND IN DESPITE OF ALL DEVIDINGE DEATH,
MEETINGE THE REST SHALL DRAW A JOYFULL BREATH"
The plaque below reads:
LET THIS INFORM PROSPERITY THAT HERE LYETH ANN DAUGHTER TO CHARLES BARRET
OF BELHOUSE IN THE COUNTY OF ESSEX, ESQR. WHICH ANN WAS MARIED TO SIR ROBERT
HARLEY, KNIGHT OF THE BATH THE 13th FEBRUARY 1602 AND DECEASED THE FIRST OF
DECEMBER 1603 BY WHOM HE HAD ISSUE A SON NAMED THOMAS WHICH LIES HERE ALSO
BURIED IN MEMORY OF WHOM HER SORROWFUL HUSBAND HATH CAUSED THIS
MONUMENT TO BE
ERECTED AS THE LAST OFFICE OF HIS LOVE
"LINQVENDA TELLVS ET DOMUS ET PLACENS VXOR"
The last line translates from the Latin as “Leaving Earth and home with a pleasant
wife”.
In his
Registrum Roffense of 1769, John Thorpe tells us that below the monument, on white marble, there was also an inscription that read: “This monument was repaired at the charge of Edward,
Lord Harley, 1723”.
I can find no such marble and I assume it was removed during the Victorian "restoration" of the church in the 1860s.
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Death's Head, topped by an hourglass: perhaps a symbol of how fleeting are our lives on earth... |
It is recorded that on August 27
th 1723, Lord Edward Harley
rode out to Cuxton “through very straight (narrow) lanes” to inspect the
monument. When he reached the village, it is said that some poor women of the
place strewed mint upon the road out of their aprons (a practice that seems as
unlikely as it is bizarre, at least by modern standards).
In terms of the location of the monument, Edward Hasted (in his 1797 “History
and Topographical Survey of the
County
of Kent: Volume 3) tells
us that it was to be found “in the chancel, within the rails of the south wall”. Similarly, the
Registrum Roffense states it was set "within the communion rails, on the South wall". In that position today is a stained-glass window, of a plainer and seemingly
later design than the two magnificent windows in the south-east and eastern
chancel walls.
This suggests that the Harley monument may have been moved to its current
position as part of the church restoration works of the 1860s, which saw the
building of the “new” south aisle and restoration of the Lady Chapel, where the
memorial now resides.
This proved to be somewhat unfortunate. In 1881, the church organ was duly installed
in the Lady Chapel, thus completely obscuring the view of the Lady Harley
memorial. If the memorial had been left where it was, it would have been so
much better. Why the church officials decided to place the organ in the Lady
Chapel really is completely beyond me. It would have seemed logical to place it
in the newly-enlarged nave.
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Fruit, and in particular apples and pears, were associated with female fertility and here, possibly allude to the death of the young mother. Pears were also associated with mortality or death. |
Ironically, it is conceivable that the Lady Harley memorial could well have
suffered a much worse fate as a result of the religious beliefs of its creator.
Sir Robert Harley was a committed Puritan, supported in his beliefs by his
third wife, the splendidly-named
Brilliana
(daughter of Sir Edward Conway, then a Secretary of State). In April 1843
(against the febrile background of the English Civil War), Sir Robert was made head of the Committee for the Demolition of Monuments of Superstition and Idolatry, which
presided over the destruction of a great deal of religious art and architecture. Fortunately, the memorial escaped the fervour of the puritans.
In terms of the photograph you see here, it is a composite of about 20
individual images. There is only about a four foot clearance between the
monument and the back of the organ. I therefore had to mount a camera on a
frame and move it around to gather the images I needed to put together an
overall view, using the magic of image processing software.
(Note that I have taken the liberty of making some small “enhancements”: I have
erased the rather thoughtless electrical wiring for the organ that otherwise
disfigures the right hand side of the memorial. I have also “replaced” the
missing scroll to the left of the gilded lion’s head below the main plaque.
Otherwise, what you see is how it is - or how it would be, if the organ wasn’t
in the way!)
Whilst the process of compositing from multiple close-ups has resulted in some
rather odd perspective effects if you look closely, the final image
nevertheless gives a good overall impression of the memorial, one that has not
been seen for over 140 years.
References:
1)
The History of Parliament, entry for Sir
Robert Harley (1579-1656)
2)
The Harley family and the Harley papers
by Clyve Jones, 1989
3)
WikiTree entry for
Anne (Barrett) Harley (1583-1603)
4) Edward Hasted, 'Parishes: Cookstone', in The
History and Topographical Survey of the
County
of
Kent: Volume 3 (
Canterbury, 1797),
pp 389-403
5) Cuxton – a
Kentish
Village, by Derek Church .p.22, 24
(1976)
6)
Puritan
Iconoclasm in England 1640-1660, pp. 75-136 (Ph.D thesis by Julie
Spraggon, 2000)